Brazil dwarfs Peru: about 8,499,400 km² km² against 1,296,279 km² km². At true size Brazil is about 6.6× larger — the whole of Peru fits into Brazil roughly 6 times.
Both sit in South America, so this is a same-region comparison: the new Equal Earth map draws both with the same honest geometry, and the real gap is exactly the 6.6× you see above.
The old Mercator map treated both about equally (1× vs 1× inflation), so at least their relative sizes were preserved — even if both were drawn at the wrong absolute scale.
Peru fits 6× into Brazil.